Next - Components of a Realistic Simulator Types of Simulators for Anesthesia The simulators currently available and those under development fall into four broad groups: Part-Task Trainer - This is a device used to train students toward a clearly defined educational goal. (e.g. ACLS resuscitation mannequin for airway, breathing and external cardiac massage) Computer Screen-Based Simulator - This may be similar to a part-task trainer in that a concept important in anesthesia is presented with a computer. (e.g. GASMAN - anesthetic agent uptake and distribution) Or it can be much more comprehensive, with cases running in real-time and trainees interacting with mathematical models of physiological systems via drop-down menus while the case is displayed using computer graphics to the gas machine, monitors and patient. (e.g. Anesthesia Simulator Consultant) Realistic Mannequin-Based Simulator - This is a patient mannequin, controlled by a computer, which incorporates full modeling of physiological systems and allows real-time interaction on the part of a trainee to perform all aspects of giving an anesthetic. Instructor-run scenarios will permit testing response to changing clinical signs, application of knowledge, development of differential diagnosis and treatment plans as well as motor skills such as airway and resuscitation measures. Full operating room simulation can be accomplished when the mannequin is placed in a mock OR with actors playing the roles of other non-anesthetist personnel, everyone in OR greens and the room fully equipped with props such as IV fluid pumps and warmers and defibrillators. Virtual Reality - This is simulation of the future - maybe in 10 years or so. The trainee will wear a special LCD projection "heads-up" visor along with headphones and high tech computer "gloves" which provide tactile feedback. There is no mannequin except a computer representation of a patient projected on the visor with which the trainee can interact by manipulating computer-generated "objects" such as a gas machine, syringes, laryngoscope, ET tube, etc. Obviously, the computer capabilities demanded will be enormous. Next - Components of a Realistic Simulator